Feature Article: Exploring the Legal Standards of Intoxication as a Defense in Arizona

Imagine driving home from a party, feeling tired and a little buzzed from a couple of drinks. Suddenly, you see flashing lights in your rearview mirror and get pulled over. The next thing you know, you're being arrested for driving under the influence (DUI). You had no intention of breaking the law, but now you're facing criminal charges. What are your options?

Under Arizona law, voluntary and involuntary intoxication are distinct legal defenses in criminal proceedings. The difference is important because there are different legal standards depending on how one became intoxicated. In this feature article, we will explore the legal standards of intoxication as a defense in Arizona, what constitutes voluntary vs. involuntary intoxication, and how it may impact criminal proceedings.

Voluntary Intoxication

Voluntary intoxication occurs when a person knowingly and willingly ingests a substance that impairs their judgment or self-control. This can include alcohol, drugs, or other substances. In Arizona, voluntary intoxication may be used as a legal defense only in limited circumstances.

The standard for claiming voluntary intoxication as a defense is high. It must be shown that the defendant was so intoxicated they could not form the required intent to commit the crime or that the intoxication caused a mental disease or defect that prevented them from understanding the nature and wrongfulness of their actions.

For example, if someone got drunk knowing they would become violent and then assaulted someone, they could not claim voluntary intoxication as a defense. On the other hand, if they ingested a substance without knowing it would impair their judgment, such as a spiked drink, they could potentially use the defense.

Involuntary Intoxication

Involuntary intoxication occurs when a person becomes intoxicated without intending to do so. This can happen, for example, if someone is given a drink that has been spiked with drugs or if they accidentally ingest a substance that impairs their judgment. In Arizona, involuntary intoxication may be used as a defense in some circumstances.

The standard for claiming involuntary intoxication as a defense is lower than for voluntary intoxication. It must be shown that the intoxication was not the result of the defendant's reckless or negligent conduct and that it caused a mental disease or defect that prevented them from understanding the nature and wrongfulness of their actions.

For example, if someone unknowingly ingested a substance that impaired their judgment and then committed a crime, they may be able to claim involuntary intoxication as a defense. However, if they knew the substance was illegal and took it willingly, they would not be able to use the defense.

Impact on Criminal Proceedings

Whether using voluntary or involuntary intoxication as a defense, the burden of proof lies with the defendant. They must prove that they were so intoxicated that they could not form the intent to commit the crime or that the intoxication caused a mental disease or defect that prevented them from understanding the nature and wrongfulness of their actions.

If successful, the defendant may be able to have the charges reduced or dismissed entirely. However, using intoxication as a defense may also have negative consequences. It can be difficult to prove and may require the testimony of an expert witness, which can be expensive. Additionally, it can be seen as an admission of guilt, as the defendant is essentially admitting to engaging in behavior that led to their intoxication.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the legal standards of intoxication as a defense in Arizona are complex and require a high burden of proof. While voluntary intoxication may be used as a defense in limited circumstances, involuntary intoxication may be used more easily. However, in both cases, the defendant must prove that the intoxication was the cause of a mental disease or defect that prevented them from understanding the nature and wrongfulness of their actions.

If you or someone you know is facing criminal charges involving intoxication, it is important to consult with an experienced criminal defense attorney. They can help you understand the legal issues involved and develop a strategy to defend your rights.

Intoxication,Voluntary-Defense to Committing a Crime in Arizona